-
1 Chirac, Jacques
born 1932.(adj. Chiraquien)Former conservative (Gaullist) President of France, from 1995 to 2007. Chirac's reelection in 2002 was an unexpected twist of fortune, caused by the elimination of the front-runner, socialist Lionel Jospin, pipped into third place in the first round of the election by a surge in the vote for the far right wing leader of the French National Front, Jean Marie Le Pen.Facing Le Pen in the second round, Chirac was reelected with a massive majority in what was in essence a contest between the the extreme right and everyone else. Had the second round of the election been a classic left-right contest, Chirac's re-election would not have been guaranteed.Jacques Chirac was a highly ambitious career politician, who worked his way rapidly up the ranks of the Gaullist movement; yet his first steps in politics were actually as a militant for the Communist party, and as a student he sold the communist newspaper l'Humanité on the streets of Paris. After graduating from "Sciences Po", he changed tack, married into Parisian high society, studied at the elite ENA (Ecole Nationale d'Administration), and then began a career in politics, working for the office of the prime minister, Georges Pompidou. In 1976, he was appointed junior minister for employment in the third Pompidou government, and from then after he remained one of the most omnipresent of conservative politicians in France. From Gaullist, he became a supporter of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing during Giscard's 1974 bid for the presidency - against the Gaullist Chaban-Delmas - and was appointed Prime Minister when Giscard won. Two years later, he resigned, complaining that Giscard was cramping his style.This was the start of his rise to the top. No longer prime minister, in 1977 he set about building his own power base, or rather his own two power bases, firstly as leader of a new political party, the RPR, created out of the old Gaullist UDR, and secondly by becoming elected Mayor of Paris. In 1981, he challenged Giscard for the presidency, but came third in the first round of the election, which was won by François Mitterrand. By 1986 he was clear leader of the conservative opposition. When the conservatives won the general election of that year, he was appointed prime minister, ushering in the first period of cohabitation (see below) between a president and a government of different political persuasions.In 1988, he was again a candidate in the presidential election, and again lost; but with his power base in Paris and in the RPR, he then had seven years in which to prepare his third, and first successful, challenge for the presidency.He served two terms as president, the first of seven years, the second of five - though as already stated, his reelection in 2002 was more due to the failure of the Socialist campaign and the surprise presence of Le Pen in the second round, than in his own popularity. It is still rather early to judge the Chirac presidency in a historic perspective, but early appraisals suggest that it will not be remembered as a great period in French history. It was a time during which France dramatically failed to adapt to the changes in the modern world - the end of the Cold War and the challenge of globalisation - and failed to push through the social and economic reforms that were allowing other developed nations such as France, Germany or Spain, to find their place in the new world order.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Chirac, Jacques
-
2 pur
pur, e [pyʀ]1. adjective• pur fruit [confiture] real fruit• pur beurre [gâteau] all butter2. masculine noun, feminine noun* * *
1.
pure pyʀ adjectif1) ( sans mélange) pure; ( non dilué) straight2) ( non altéré) [eau, air] pure; [diamant] flawless; [ciel, voix] clear3) ( sans fioritures) [ligne, style] pure4) ( total) [méchanceté, vérité] pure; [coïncidence, plaisir, folie] sheer5) ( théorique) pure6) ( d'origine) [tradition] trueun pur produit de — lit, fig a typical product of
à l'état pur — [génie, bêtise] sheer
7) ( sans défaut moral) pure
2.
nom masculin, féminin1) ( personne irréprochable) virtuous person2) ( fidèle à un parti)* * *pyʀ pur, -e1. adj1) (eau) pureL'eau de cette source est très pure. — The water from this spring is very pure.
100% pur jus sans sucre ajouté — 100% pure juice with no added sugar
2) (vin) undiluted3) (whisky) neat4) (intentions) pure5)en pure perte — fruitlessly, to no avail
2. nm/f(= personne) hardliner* * *A adj1 ( sans mélange) [substance, laine, héroïne, race] pure; ( non dilué) [whisky, pastis] straight; c'est de l'or pur it's pure gold; un métal à l'état pur metal in its pure state; boire son vin pur to drink one's wine undiluted; une confiture pur sucre a jam with no artificial sweetening; une confiture pur fruit a real fruit jam; fromages pur chèvre/vache pure goat's/cow's milk cheese; pur porc [saucisson] pure pork ( épith);2 ( non altéré) [eau, air] pure; [diamant] flawless; [ciel] clear; [son, voix] pure, clear; respirer l'air pur to breathe the pure air;4 ( total) [méchanceté, fantasme, vérité] pure; [coïncidence, plaisir, ignorance, folie, inconscience] sheer; c'est du pur masochisme it's sheer ou pure masochism; en pure perte to no avail; de pure forme token ( épith); question/propos de pure forme token question/words; pur et simple [mensonge, refus, ignorance, élimination] outright; on envisage le retrait pur et simple des troupes they simply envisage the withdrawal of the troops; c'est de la paresse/fiction pure et simple it's laziness/fiction, pure and simple; pur et dur hardline; le militarisme pur et dur hardline militarism; un militant pur et dur a hardline militant;5 ( théorique) [sciences, recherche, mathématiques] pure;6 ( d'origine) [tradition] true; dans la pure tradition populaire in the true popular tradition; un pur produit de qch lit, fig a typical product of sth; un Parisien de pure souche a Parisian born and bred; à l'état pur [génie, bêtise] sheer; c'est de la bêtise à l'état pur it's sheer stupidity;7 ( sans défaut moral) [personne, cœur] pure.B nm,f1 ( personne irréprochable) virtuous person;2 ( fidèle à un parti) hardliner; les purs et durs the hardliners.2. [sans mélange - liquide] undiluted ; [ - race] pure ; [ - bonheur, joie] unalloyed, pure ; [ - note, voyelle, couleur] pureil parle un anglais très pur he speaks very refined ou polished Englishbiscuits pur beurre (100 %) butter biscuitsà l'état pur pure, unalloyed, unadulterateda. [fidèle] strictb. [intransigeant] hard-linedes lignes pures neat ou perfect linesc'est de la lâcheté pure et simple it's sheer cowardice, it's cowardice pure and simple————————, pure [pyr] nom masculin, nom féminin1. POLITIQUE [fidèle] dedicated follower[intransigeant] hardliner -
3 âme
âme [αm]feminine noun• avoir or être une âme sensible to be a sensitive soul to be very sensitive• grandeur or noblesse d'âme high- or noble-mindedness* * *ɑm1) Philosophie, Religion soul(que) Dieu ait son âme — (may) God rest his/her soul
2) ( nature profonde) soul, spiritavoir une âme de poète — to have the soul of a poet ou a poetic soul
3) ( siège de la pensée et des émotions) soul4) ( conscience morale) soul5) (personne, habitant) soulc'est une âme généreuse — he/she has great generosity of spirit
pas âme qui vive — not a (living ou single) soul
6) (de nation, parti) soul (de of); ( de complot) moving spirit (de in)•Phrasal Verbs:- âme sœur* * *ɒm nf1) (esprit, principe vital) souldans l'âme; un joueur dans l'âme — a gambler through and through
2) (individu) soul* * *âme nf2 ( nature profonde) ( de l'homme) soul; ( de nation) soul, spirit; avoir une âme de poète to have the soul of a poet ou a poetic soul; avoir l'âme d'un pionnier/chef to have the pioneering spirit/the spirit of a leader; il se sentait l'âme d'un conquérant he felt in his soul the power of a conqueror; ville sans âme soulless town;3 ( siège de la pensée et des émotions) soul; du fond de l'âme from the (very) depths of one's soul; avoir l'âme sensible to be a sensitive soul; être ému jusqu'au fond de l'âme to be moved to the depths of one's soul; chanter/jouer avec âme to sing/play with feeling; interprétation sans âme soulless interpretation; socialiste/musicien dans l'âme a socialist/musician to the core;4 ( conscience morale) soul; avoir l'âme sereine to have an easy conscience; grandeur or noblesse d'âme nobility of spirit; paix de l'âme spiritual peace; en mon âme et conscience in all honesty;5 (personne, habitant) soul; âme noble noble soul; c'est une âme généreuse he/she has great generosity of spirit; une bonne âme a kind soul; une bonne âme, une âme charitable aussi iron some kind soul; sans voir âme qui vive without seeing a (living ou single) soul; hameau de 25 âmes hamlet of 25 souls;6 (de résistance, nation, parti) soul (de of); ( de complot) moving spirit (de in);7 Tech (de canon, fusil) bore; (de rail, statue, câble) core; ( de soufflet) air-valve; ( d'instrument à cordes) soundpost;8 ‡( terme d'affection) mon âme dear heart†.âme damnée partner in crime; âme en peine soul in torment; errer comme une âme en peine to wander around like a lost soul; âme sœur soul mate.[am] nom féminin1. [vie] soulavoir ou être une âme généreuse to have great generosity of spirit3. [principe moral]faire quelque chose avec/sans âme to do something with/without feelingde toute mon âme with all my heart ou soul5. [personne] soul(soutenu) [en appellatif]mon âme, ma chère âme (my) dearestâme charitable, bonne âme kind soulson âme damnée the person who does his evil deeds ou dirty work for himâmes sensibles, s'abstenir not for the squeamishchercher/trouver l'âme sœur to seek/to find a soulmate6. (littéraire) [inspirateur] soul8. [d'un violon] soundpost -
4 rose
rose [ʀoz]1. feminine noun( = fleur) rose2. masculine noun( = couleur) pink3. adjectivea. pink ; [joues, teint] rosy• tout n'est pas rose ! it's no bed of roses4. compounds━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━► When rose is combined with another word, such as bonbon, to indicate a shade, there is no agreement with the noun: des rideaux roses, but des rideaux rose bonbon.* * *
I
1. ʀoz
2.
••ce n'est pas (tout) rose — it's not all roses, it's not roses all the way
voir la vie en rose — to see life through rose-coloured [BrE] spectacles
II ʀoz1) Botanique rose2) ( vitrail) rose window3) ( en bijouterie)•Phrasal Verbs:••il n'y a pas de rose sans épines — Proverbe there is no rose without a thorn
envoyer quelqu'un sur les roses — (colloq) to send somebody packing (colloq)
découvrir le pot aux roses — (colloq) to find out what is going on
* * *ʀoz1. nf1) BOTANIQUE rose2) (= vitrail) rose window2. adjrose bonbon adj inv — candy pink
* * *A adj1 ( couleur) [tissu, peinture] pink; rose pâle/vif/clair/foncé pale/bright/light/dark pink; vieux rose dusty pink, old rose; des tons rose pâle pale pink tones ou shades; marbre/granit/pierre rose pink marble/granite/stone;B nm ( couleur) pink; le rose te va si bien pink really suits you; les rideaux étaient d'un joli rose the curtains were a lovely pink.C nf1 Bot rose; rose artificielle/en soie/en papier artificial/silk/paper rose; confiture de rose rose jam; essence de rose attar of roses;2 ( vitrail) rose window;3 ( en bijouterie) diamant en rose rose diamond.rose bonbon candy pink; rose d'Inde African marigold; rose indien Indian rose; rose de Jéricho rose of Jericho, resurrection plant; rose musquée musk rose; rose de Noël Christmas rose; rose pompon button rose; rose des sables Minér gypsum flower; rose saumon salmon pink; rose trémière hollyhock; rose des vents compass rose.ce n'est pas (tout) rose it's not all roses, it's not roses all the way; la vie n'est pas rose life isn't a bed of roses; voir la vie en rose to see life through rose-colouredGB spectacles; il n'y a pas de rose sans épines Prov there is no rose without a thorn; envoyer qn sur les roses○ to send sb packing○; découvrir le pot aux roses to find out what is going on.[roz] adjectif1. [généralement] pink[teint, joue] rosyrose bonbon/saumon candy/salmon pink2. [agréable]————————[roz] nom fémininrose blanche/rouge white/red roserose de Jéricho rose of Jericho, resurrection plant————————[roz] nom masculin1. [couleur] pink2. (locution)rose des sables nom féminin,rose du désert nom fémininrose des vents nom fémininThe rose is the symbol of the French socialists, and this word is sometimes used to suggest socialist leanings.The word rose can also suggest soft pornography ( le Minitel rose used to refer to erotic call lines available on Minitel).Les villes roses (Albi, Montauban and Toulouse) are so called because they are largely built of pink stone.Le carnet rose is the list of births and marriages in a newspaper.
См. также в других словарях:
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia — Socijalistička Federativna Republika Jugoslavijaa (sh–lat) Социјалистичка Федеративна Република Југославијаb (sh–cyr) Socialistična federativna republika Jugoslavijac (sl) … Wikipedia
Socialist Party USA — Chairman Billy Wharton Stephanie Cholensky Founded January 1, 1973 ( … Wikipedia
Socialist Party of Chile — Partido Socialista de Chile Leader Osvaldo Andrade … Wikipedia
Socialist Studies (1989) — Socialist Studies is the name of a quarterly Marxist zine and of the group which publishes it. The group was founded in 1991 by sixteen expelled members of the Socialist Party of Great Britain (SPGB) who claim that their expulsions were the… … Wikipedia
Socialist Alternative (Australia) — Socialist Alternative (often abbreviated as SA) is a Trotskyist group in Australia formed by a split from the International Socialist Organisation in 1995. [ [http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/04/30/1019441369023.html What s left of the left … Wikipedia
Socialist International — logo Abbreviation SI Formation June 3, 1951 Type … Wikipedia
Socialist law — denotes a general type of legal system which has been used in communist and formerly communist states. It is based on the civil law system, with major modifications and additions from Marxist Leninist ideology. There is controversy as to whether… … Wikipedia
Socialist Youth International — (in German: Sozialistische Jugend Internationale , French: L Internationale de la Jeunesse Socialiste ) was an international union of socialist youth organisations. It was founded in Hamburg 1923, through the merger of the Young Workers… … Wikipedia
Socialist Workers Party (Britain) — Infobox British Political Party party name = Socialist Workers Party party articletitle = Socialist Workers Party (UK) party leader = Collective leadership (Central Committee) foundation = 1950 / 1977 ideology = Revolutionary socialism,… … Wikipedia
Socialist Party of Oregon — Oregon was the 33rd state of the union, admitted to the United States in February 1859. The Socialist Party of Oregon (SPO) is the name of three closely related organizations an Oregon state affiliate of the Social Democratic Party of America… … Wikipedia
Socialist Party (England and Wales) — Infobox British Political Party party name = Socialist Party party articletitle = Socialist Party (England and Wales) party leader = General Secretary: Peter Taaffe; Assistant General Secretary: Hannah Sell; Collective Leadership foundation =… … Wikipedia